Present simple tense

Base form verb if subject is first/second pronouns: I swim in river.

Add 's to verb if subject is third pronouns: He/She/It swims in river

Use "do" if question subject is first/second pronouns: Do you swim there? Where do I put it?

Use "does" if question subject is third pronouns:Does she live there?

Question with "where", "what", "when" is used with "do", "does". But question with who" often not. Who lived there?

Present simple is use to talk about

Adverb of frequency like "always", "sometimes", "never" often use in present simple

If current context is future, present simple sentence often come after words "after", "before", "when", "if", "unless".

Present simple is use to talk about past when telling story, summarising something.

We usually use the auxiliary verbs "do" or "does" to form negative sentences, yes/no questions, and wh-questions in the simple present tense.

• Positive: "He eats."


• Negative: "He does not eat."


• Yes/No question: "Does he eat?"


• Wh-question: "What does he eat?"

However, the verb "to be" forms negatives and questions differently, without using "do" or "does."

• Positive: "I am."


• Negative: "I am not."


• Yes/No question: "Am I?"


• Wh-question: "Who am I?"

Example: I heard from David last night. He says hello.

• Both past simple and present simple can be use here.
• "He says hello" meaning that David say hello to you through me now.
• "He said hello" meaning that David said hello to you when I was talking to him last night.